If you are planning an IP camera system, you will see "PoE" everywhere. Power over Ethernet is one of the main reasons IP CCTV systems are neater and more reliable to install. This guide explains what it is and what to check before you buy.
What is PoE?
PoE (Power over Ethernet) sends electrical power and data through the same network cable. For CCTV, this means one cable to each IP camera carries both its power and its video. There is no need for a separate power adapter or power socket at each camera position.
Why PoE is better for CCTV
- Neater installation: one cable per camera instead of a data cable plus a power cable
- No power sockets needed at camera positions, which helps on walls, ceilings, and gates
- Central power backup: put the PoE switch or NVR on a UPS, and every camera stays powered during short power cuts
- Easier troubleshooting: you can often restart a camera from the switch or recorder
PoE NVR or PoE switch?
There are two common ways to supply PoE:
- An NVR with built-in PoE ports. Cameras plug straight into the back of the recorder. This is simple and tidy for homes and small businesses.
- A separate PoE switch. Cameras connect to the switch, and the switch connects to the NVR. This is useful for larger systems, or when cameras are spread across a building and the switch can be placed closer to them.
How far can a PoE cable run?
A standard Ethernet cable run is limited to 100 metres between the camera and the PoE switch or NVR. For longer distances, you can add another switch along the way, use a PoE extender, or use fibre for very long runs between buildings.
Power budget: check before you buy
Every PoE switch or NVR has a total power budget. Add up the power needed by all your cameras and make sure it is within the budget, with some headroom. Cameras with strong infrared, heaters, or PTZ motors use more power.
You will also see PoE standards on specifications:
- 802.3af (PoE): up to 15.4 watts per port, enough for most fixed cameras
- 802.3at (PoE+): up to 30 watts per port, for more demanding cameras such as some PTZ models
Use good-quality cable
Use solid copper Cat6 (or at least Cat5e) cable. Cheap copper-clad aluminium cable can cause voltage drops and unreliable cameras, especially on longer runs. For outdoor runs, use cable rated for outdoor use and protect it in conduit.
Frequently asked questions
Can I use PoE with analogue cameras?
No. PoE is designed for network devices such as IP cameras. Analogue cameras use coaxial cable and a separate power supply, although some cabling kits combine power and video in one cable.
Does PoE work during power cuts?
Only if the PoE switch or NVR has power. Connecting it to a UPS keeps all the cameras powered during short power cuts, because they draw their power from that one device.
Is Cat6 cable better than Cat5e for CCTV?
Both work for most IP cameras. Cat6 is a good choice for new installations, and solid copper cable is important either way for reliable power over longer runs.
Get a PoE system designed for your site
We plan cable routes, choose the right PoE switch or NVR, and install complete IP camera systems across Sri Lanka. Browse our PoE switches and accessories, read NVR vs DVR, or see our CCTV installation service.