Keys are easy to copy, lose, and forget to return. An access control system replaces them with faces, fingerprints, cards, or PIN codes, so you decide exactly who can open each door and when. This guide explains how access control works and how to choose the right system.
How an access control system works
A typical door access system has four parts:
- A reader or terminal at the door that checks a face, fingerprint, card, or PIN
- An electric lock, usually a magnetic lock or electric strike, that releases when access is granted
- An exit button on the inside so people can leave
- Software or a controller where you add and remove users, set time rules, and view entry logs
Types of access control
Face recognition
Contactless and fast. Users simply look at the terminal. Many face recognition terminals also record attendance, which makes them popular in offices and factories.
Fingerprint
Reliable and affordable, and a finger cannot be lost or lent like a card. Very dry or dirty fingers can occasionally cause failed reads.
Card (RFID)
Staff tap a card or key fob. Cards are quick and convenient, and a lost card can be cancelled instantly, but cards can be shared or left behind.
PIN code
Simple for visitors or shared doors, but codes can be passed on, so it is best combined with another method.
Many terminals support more than one method, such as face plus card, so you can choose what suits each door.
Where access control is useful
- Offices: main entrances, server rooms, and management areas
- Factories and warehouses: staff entrances and stock areas, often combined with attendance
- Apartment buildings: lobby doors, parking entrances, and gyms
- Shops: back doors and stock rooms. Read our CCTV for shops guide.
- Schools and clinics: staff-only areas
Planning points
- Power backup: connect the system to a UPS so doors keep working during power cuts
- Fail-safe or fail-secure: decide whether a door should unlock or stay locked if power fails, especially on escape routes
- Fire safety: doors on escape routes must let people out quickly in an emergency
- User management: plan who can add or remove users and review the logs
- Outdoor terminals: choose weather-resistant models for gates and outside doors
Access control works best with CCTV
When access control is combined with CCTV, every entry is both logged and recorded on video. If there is a question about who entered, you can check the entry log and the matching footage together.
Frequently asked questions
What happens to an access control door during a power cut?
It depends on the lock type and settings. Fail-safe locks release when power is lost, while fail-secure locks stay locked. A UPS keeps the system working during short power cuts.
Can access control record staff attendance?
Yes. Many face recognition and fingerprint terminals record the time of each entry, which can be used as an attendance record.
Can I remove a user who has left?
Yes. You simply delete or disable the user in the system, and their face, fingerprint, or card no longer opens the door. There is no need to change locks or collect keys.
Get access control installed
We supply and install face recognition terminals and access control systems for single doors and entire buildings. Browse our access control products or see our CCTV and security installation service.
Choosing a terminal? Read fingerprint vs face recognition for attendance.